Table 4 Pairwise D
Pairwise comparison of Dest among V. destructor variants infesting A. cerana and A. mellifera colonies revealed significant differences after correction for multiple comparisons (Table 4). The Dest values among V. destructor K variants infesting A. cerana were moderate to high, ranging between 0.18 https://datingmentor.org/croatian-chat-rooms and 0.63. The estimates among V. destructor K and C variants infesting A. cerana and the variant infesting A. mellifera were higher overall, ranging between 0.60 and 0.89. J2-1 showed the highest pairwise Dest values when combined with most variants. 91).
est analysis among V. destructor variants infesting A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies. Cell background color from blue to red correlates with increasing Dest estimate values. *** P < 0.001
Varroa destructor breeding
Mites accumulated from Good. cerana in the Hangzhou part and used experimentally so you can infest worker and you may drone brood muscle out-of both host variety belonged to versions K1-1/dos, K1-step 3, K1-5, K1-6, and you can K1-seven. The newest projected number of alternatives of this type is 7, having an effective 95% confidence interval regarding (6.step 1, 19.6) to the a couple of richness estimators computed (to own facts, look for Desk S8). The majority of foundresses have been rich (81–100%, indicate ± s.d = 92.step 1 ± eight.8%) whenever put on Good. cerana drone brood, however, only a 3rd of these hit reproductive achievement (i.e., put a minumum of one mated child) (Fig. 6). Only one regarding one hundred and two of 119 reproduced to the almost every other brood brands, we.elizabeth., into the personnel brood away from A great. cerana and you can A beneficial. mellifera, correspondingly. One of them about three mites put a viable girl (Fig. 6a). The fresh new haplotype of these about three individuals was recognized as K1-1/2, and you may microsatellite studies indicated that this type of mites belonged into invasive mite society infesting An effective. mellifera (Figs. cuatro, 5).
Portion of Varroa destructor foundress mites versus in accordance with reproductive profits shortly after fresh infestation of an employee and b drone brood of Apis cerana and you may Apis mellifera. The original host types of mites accumulated getting experimental infestation and you will this new machine varieties experimentally infested is indicated left from this new taverns. Amount of people and you may territories infested is conveyed on the right
More mites (58–84%, mean ± s.d = 68.6 ± twelve.2%) gathered into the A good. mellifera territories have been rich when put on brood out-of one another servers kinds and you can each other genders, having ranging from 25 and you will 40% gaining reproductive victory (Fig. 6). A couple of mites gathered from A beneficial. mellifera was identified as K1-5 alternatives (Figs. 4, 5). These types of mites don’t reproduce (Fig. 6a). The 5 mites used in an atypical server was in fact omitted of the brand new dataset for acting reproductive achievement.
Absence instead of density out-of reproductive profits was better modeled whenever plus elements of your brand new server kinds and you may machine types for the which the mites had been experimentally lead. Each other affairs affected reproductive incapacity rather (Desk S9). In the event that communication ranging from such points are felt, the fresh reproductive success of A. cerana mites try much less frequent whenever infesting both servers opposed to help you A great. mellifera mites (Dining table S9). The possibilities of successful reproduction out-of A good. mellifera mites is straight down on A beneficial. mellifera than simply toward original machine, An excellent. cerana. Inside the An effective. cerana mites, achievement try unlikely to your A good. mellifera machines than simply for the A good. cerana hosts. When it comes to merely circumstances in which reproductive achievement was attained (from the mites via Good. mellifera in all kinds of brood and by An excellent. cerana mites within the A great. cerana drone brood), the fresh new proportion regarding foundresses achieving success are most useful modeled from the basis of machine variety plagued. A notably greater proportion regarding mites attained achievements when you look at the An excellent. mellifera servers than the An effective. cerana hosts.